|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Resource Center Search Results
Healing Chile's Malaise
Chile has recorded some of the most robust economic growth in Latin America for the last two decades. As a result, inflation and povert ... More
Taiwan's New Dreams
The global economic slowdown hit Taiwan's chipmakers hard. The downturn in chip sales to the PC industry may not be shortlived as that industry ... More
A Brutal Wakeup Call for Part-Time B-Schools
The economic downturn has dramatically reduced applications at part-time and executive MBA programs because corporate sponsorship of tui ... More
Hasta La Vista, Power-Hungry TVs
Household electricity consumption has risen as consumers purchase more and larger televisions. That has the California Energy Commission c ... More
The App Economy
No one knows how big the app economy will become. But it is certain to be large and lucrative. Consider: Apple's App Store was establ ... More
Inside the Business War Against Tax Reform
President Obama pledged to sharply raise corporate taxes, but his promise has so far stalled amid a blizzard of lobbying. One target is in ... More
Squeezing Every Dime from DVDs
The $14.5 billion DVD sales market is in significant decline, and that has Hollywood worried. The slow economy has consumers renting rathe ... More
J&J Tries to Buy Itself a Pipeline
Johnson & Johnson (J&J) has two key drugs coming of patent and nothing to replace the $7 billion in annual sales that will vanish when ge ... More
Europe's New McCafe Culture
McDonald's has long been known for fast food in the U.S. and Europe. However, Starbucks' success has caused McDonald's to revamp its restaurants ... More
Apps Trump Tunes at Apple
Apple's iTunes sells 90% of downloaded songs and 75% of digital music players in the U.S. Nonetheless, Apple sees its future in selling applicat ... More
Can the Future be Built in America?
The United States has long been a world leader in the development of key new technologies. While the U.S. has historically run a trade surplus in high ... More
BP Keeps Rolling the Dice
BP has suffered a series of setbacks in recent years, ranging from questions about its relationship with its Russian partners to a series of accidents ... More
Samsung's Plan to Widen Its Range
While mobile phone sales are down 11% in 2009, Samsung has managed to boost sales of its handsets by 7%. Behind the success, though, lies cause ... More
Apple and Google: Another Step Apart
Apple and Google have a common enemy in Microsoft. However, they are finding that competition with each other is becoming a more salient issue.& ... More
Why Small Biz Is Skittish
Health-care reform has emerged as a crucial test of President Obama's leadership, and small business owners are a key constituency that he ... More
Can the Military Find the Answer to Alternative Energy?
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has an impressive list of accomplishments, such as the Internet and key breakthroughs that led t ... More
Little Green Dynamos
The cost of green power has long been a stumbling block to widespead adoption. A new wave of green-energy companies is out to change that. ... More
The Energy Bill's Thick Haze
Debate is raging regarding the true cost of the recent energy/climate change bill passed by Congress. The Republicans say that the true co ... More
A Magic Moment for Ford of Europe
Though the European car market is weak, Ford has been doing better than most manufacturers. Ford introduced its new small cars, the Fiesta and t ... More
The Car Slump Slams 'Detroit East'
Thanks to a favorable tax and regulatory environment, Slovakia became an automotive manufacturing powerhouse in Eastern Europe. Slovakia also be ... More
Smartphone Roulette
More and more workers are using smartphones, and the number is expected to rise to almost 1 billion over the next few years. In years past, deve ... More
One Ford for the Whole Wide World
Ford has had difficulty making money selling small cars. A solution to the problem may be the development of a "world car." Such a car would ... More
China's Doubts about the Dollar
The dollar has been the world's dominant currency for decades. However, recent U.S. budget deficits threaten that status. China, which holds ... More
Someone Must Pay for Health Reform
Politicians are almost universal in their desire to provide health insurance for the uninsured. However, they are not quite so enthusiastic abou ... More
Behind Mittal's Wrenching Cuts
ArcelorMittal, the world's largest steel company, saw demand for steel plunge last fall. As a result, it has been forced to cut production by 50 ... More
Why Should Landlords Save the Earth?
A recent McKinsey & Co. study indicates that investments in energy-efficient buildings and appliances are the two most cost-effective approaches t ... More
Inside GM, With the G-Men in Charge
General Motors has, so far, narrowly avoided bankruptcy due to an infusion of billions of dollars in government money. With government money com ... More
Oracle Faces its Toughest Deal yet
Oracle is the world's leading database software company and is No. 2 in corporate software applications. Its industry-leading profit m ... More
Big Blue Goes into Analysis
IBM is most well known for computing hardware. However, business consulting has become a major business for IBM. Business analytics, which ... More
The Secret Sauce at In-N-Out Burger
In-N-Out Burger has pursued a business model that differs markedly from those of Burger King and McDonald's and has done remarkably well. It has& ... More
From Great to Good
GE has long been a symbol of management prowess and corporate might. That reputation is beginning to slip, however, as GE deals with slowing sal ... More
Should GM Split Itself in Two?
General Motors is in trouble, and until now, there have been no serious conversations about bankruptcy. GM executives and Treasury Department of ... More
The Bimmer, Plugged In
BMW has long believed that more efficient gas or diesel cars - rather than all-electric cars - were the future of the automotive industry. ... More
A Backlash Against Obama's Budget
President Obama entered office intent on remaking the U.S. economy. Businesses are worried that efforts to raise taxes and regulations will be h ... More
The Best Undergrad B-Schools
With the economy continuing to slide, the job prospects of many graduating seniors are beginning to look dim. Not surprisingly, student satisfac ... More
Japan is Running out of Options
After the "lost decade" of the 1990s, Japan has sunk even further in the recent economic contraction. The Japanese economy shrunk at a 12.7% ann ... More
Debt Is Hobbling Europe Inc.
North America is not the only region that underwent a borrowing spree in the past few years. European companies have amassed debt that equals 95 ... More
Exxon Is Weaker Than You Think
ExxonMobil made $45 billion in 2008, making it the most profitable company in the world. Despite its staggering profits, Exxon faces an uncertai ... More
Slugfest in the Supermarket
When Kraft Foods raised prices by 13% in 2008 to cover increased costs of raw materials and production, many expected those prices t ... More
Trade: Hawks Will Square Off against Retailers
America's trade deficit with China was a contentious campaign issue, with President-elect Obama referring to President Bush as a patsy for ... More
How the Strong Yen Has Weakened Japan
The current economic crisis is hitting Japan hard, with the economy expected to contract 4.6% this year. Exacerbating the situation is the stron ... More
A Hundred Factories Too Many
The current economic slowdown has brought into sharp relief the auto industry's huge global over capacity, according to the BusinessWeek article "A Hu ... More
Chipmakers on the Edge
Lost amid the hype surrounding the possible failure of the U.S. auto industry is the plight of the global semiconductor industry. Chipmake ... More
Restarting Detroit from Washington
General Motors, Chrysler and, to some extent, Ford are in big financial trouble. They are hemorrhaging billions of dollars and need quick access ... More
The Inside Track in Medical Cameras
Olympus may be best known among consumers for its digital cameras. It is also the largest player in the market for high-definition medical video ... More
Will Reworking Mortgages Work?
Preventing home foreclosure is seen as essential to ending the current financial crisis. Doing so becomes more problematic as unemployment rises ... More
The Subprime Wolves Are Back
The subprime loan crisis appears to have taken a new turn. Loans backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) have risen from 60,000 in ... More
How Obama Will Stoke the Economy
The economic slowdown has prompted talk of a stimulus package if the economy continues to worsen, according to the BusinessWeek article "How Obama Wil ... More
The Changes Business Wants
President-elect Obama inherits a daunting set of challenges, not the least of which is convincing the nation's business leaders that his administratio ... More
Why America Needs an Economic Strategy
America's national competitiveness has resulted in one of the world's highest standards of living. That competitiveness is threatened by a fo ... More
Why Tesla Has to Downshift
Tesla Motors has 1,200 backorders for its $100,000 all-electric sports car and ambitions to produce a line of electric cars. Now, some of those a ... More
Forget Adam Smith. Whatever Works
Free-market capitalism has provided great prosperity to the United States. The free-market orthodoxy is under fire, however, due to the recent c ... More
Will Americans Buy Four-Cylinder Luxury?
While most of BMW's sales in Europe feature four-cylinder engines, BMW has not offered a four-cylinder model in the U.S. since 1998. That is abo ... More
Outsourcing Shops Feel the Street's Pain
The financial crisis on Wall Street is claiming an unlikely set of victims. India's once booming outsourcing business is tightening its collecti ... More
The Saudis and OPEC: Behind the Flare-up
OPEC stands for "Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries." One might think that petroleum exporters would be monolithic in their desire fo ... More
Green Power: Buyers Beware
Utilities across the country tout the environmental benefits of their green power programs. Under such programs, customers pay a bit more on ... More
Kazakh Oil: A War of Nerves
The Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan is one of the world's biggest. Producing the oil and gas reserves in the giant field is easy. Shipping ... More
65 mpg-But the U.S. Can't Have it
Ford Motor Company has developed a new car that gets 65 miles to the gallon, according to the BusinessWeek article "65 mpg-But the U.S. Can't Have it" ... More
Motorola: Fading in China
Motorola, once a dominant player in the Chinese mobile-phone market, has seen its market share decline from 21% in 2006 to 7.9% this year. This i ... More
Pipeline Wars
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Western oil companies invested billions of dollars to develop huge oil and gas reserves in the Caspian Sea regi ... More
Stalking the Wild Copycats
Sub-Saharan Africa has become a surprisingly hot market for counterfeit consumer goods. Forget fake luxury products like knockoff Rolexes, the b ... More
Tata's Nano Hits a Speed Bump
The Tata Nano was to be the world's lowest-priced car at $2,500. That goal is becoming increasingly difficult as the prices of commodities su ... More
Power Surge
Cash-strapped consumers are facing another hurdle: higher electricity bills. Higher coal and natural gas prices are being passed along to ... More
Industrial Cities Out of the Sand
Saudi Arabia is highly dependent on oil exports. To wean itself off of that dependence, the kingdom has embarked on an ambitious project to t ... More
Six Flags CEO Mark Shapiro on the Summer Ahead
With travel-oriented vacations forecast to be adversely affected by increased fuel costs, Six Flags CEO Mark Shapiro was asked how his ... More
Bulking up: Japan's drugmakers
Emerging markets such as India, Brazil and China are the next big growth markets for the pharmaceutical industry. Big Western drugmake ... More
Monsanto on the Menu
Agribusiness giant Monsanto is the world's leading producer of genetically modified seeds. When the company failed to gain acceptance of genetic ... More
Taxing the 'Not-So-Rich' Rich
Income taxes are likely to go up after the next election. Senator Obama has pledged to raise taxes on the wealthy, as has Senator Clinton. Se ... More
Fly the Shrinking Skies
The recent run-up in oil prices has pushed most airlines to the brink of bankruptcy. They now lose an average of $60 per roundtrip passenger.&nb ... More
Brazil's Answer to Global Hunger
Brazil is the world's top exporter of soy, orange juice, sugar, coffee, beef, and poultry. That bounty is coming increasingly from land ... More
The Majors Look West, Again
Big Oil companies have paid scant attention to oil prospects in North America over the last 20 years. They have sold many fields and deployed ca ... More
Blu-ray Isn't Getting Much Traction
Sony won a big victory over Toshiba in a format war over the next generation high-definition DVD players and discs. That victory, however, may n ... More
Ghosn Hits the Accelerator
Even profitable Renault-Nissan has not been immune from the tough times hitting the worldwide auto industry. Despite $1.8 billion in profits ... More
A Slippery Moment for Mexican Oil
Pemex is Mexico's national oil company and is a symbol of Mexican national pride. It is also the world's No. 6 producer of crude oil a ... More
What Airbus Learned from the Dreamliner
The modern airplane manufacturing industry relies heavily on outsourcing. Both Boeing and Airbus have outsourced a substantial portion of the producti ... More
Flying in For a Tune-Up Overseas
Cash-strapped airlines are turning towards domestic and overseas contractors to conduct aircraft maintenance. In fact, about two-thirds of aircr ... More
Record Labels and MySpace Cut a Deal
CD sales are in sharp decline and music piracy is the increasingly preferred way for consumers to get new music, according to the BusinessWeek article ... More
China's Factory Blues
A combination of low labor costs, light regulation, and a favorable exchange rate have made China the world's factory floor. Now, an appreciatin ... More
Dollar Daze in Europe
The U.S. dollar has slid 50% against the euro since 2000. That has made it harder for European companies to sell to the United States. Hardes ... More
Globalization Bites Boeing
Boeing was recently bested by European Aeronautic Defence & Space (EADS) in a $35 billion contract for the next-generation U.S. Air Force tanker.& ... More
My Way or the Highway at Hyundai
Hyundai has aggressive growth plans in the United States. Sales goals at Hyundai have traditionally been determined by what the factory ca ... More
The Best Undergrad B-Schools
The nation's best undergraduate business schools continue to send graduates on to top-paying jobs. Now, they are adding specialized curriculums ... More
Green - up to a Point
A "who's who" of American companies have joined the U.S. Climate Action Partnership (USCAP), an organization dedicated to reducing greenhouse gas emis ... More
Israel: Attack of the Super-Shekel
The shekel has risen 31% against the dollar over the past two years, which has hurt Israeli exporters and raised the specter of inflation. Expor ... More
On the Border: The 'Virtual Fence' Isn't Working
Per capita income in Mexico is one fifth that in the U.S. That has proved a powerful incentive for undocumented workers to flow into the U.S. in ... More
The Wind at Germany's Back
Germany is the world's leading producer of electricity from wind. In addition, despite gray skies, Germany is a leading producer of solar cel ... More
The Case Against Case Studies
Case studies have become a hallmark of business school education. Recently, however, they have come under fire from executives who complain that ... More
Do Cholesterol Drugs do any Good?
Statin drugs have become the largest-selling prescription drugs in history, according to the BusinessWeek article "Do Cholesterol Drugs do any Good?" ... More
Steve Jobs' Video Dreams
Apple Inc. has been wildly successful with the iPod and iTunes. The future may not be the same for Apple's foray into video distribution. ... More
My Other Car Is a Tata
Emerging markets are a significant growth opportunty for automakers, according to the BusinessWeek article "My Other Car Is a Tata" (January ... More
Costco Starts a Barroom Brawl
Prohibition-era laws generally mandate that beer and wine be sold via a three-tier system featuring manufacturers, wholesalers, and retaile ... More
Philips: Lord of the Lights
Royal Philips Electronics and General Electric are competing for the lead in LED lights, the next big market for lighting. For now, Philips a ... More
Next-Gen DVDs: Advantage, Sony
There are two new DVD formats fighting for supremacy: Blu-ray, backed by Sony and a consortium of 170 other companies, and HD DVD, backed by Toshiba, ... More
The Dangerous Wealth of the Ivy League
America's top private universities have traditionally defined their status as elite institutions through social and academic excellence. Incr ... More
Why United Is Ready to Unite
United Airlines has performed relatively poorly since it emerged from bankruptcy in early 2006. It services a substantial debt, and ... More
Bend it like...Blanco
Enter Abstract here Gallobromol alphabetically superemitron, annulation barbamyl orgasticity! Floosie pinkie switchyard conductor yum publicist shindy ... More
Ma Bell, the Web's New Gatekeeper
AT&T is working to implement a content-recognition system in its Internet transmission apparatus. The system can be used to dete ... More
The New Financial Heavyweights
American and European imports of oil and cheap manufactured goods have flooded developing countries with foreign currency. A combination of o ... More
Where Designers Rule
Dutch electronics maker Bang & Olufsen (B&O) is known for cutting-edge designs. And while most other companies carefully stud ... More
Little Green Lies
Many American corporations have made environmental stewardship an important component of their corporate images, according to "Little Green Lies" ( ... More
Universal Music Takes on iTunes
Apple Inc.'s iTunes music store has captured about 70% of the market for downloaded music in the United States. Universal Music CEO Doug Morris ho ... More
Firing Up India's Factories
India is known for its successful and vibrant information technology industry. However, as BusinessWeek's article "Firing Up India's Factories" ... More
Wall Street in the Desert?
Dubai is making a major play to be the financial center of the Middle East. Dubai’s leader, Sheikh Mohammed, has assembled a team of talented fi ... More
Skoda Means Quality. Really
Czech automaker Skoda has long had a reputation for poor quality. That is no longer the case. After $14 billion of investment and fourteen ... More
Why Top Talent is Jumping to Chrysler
It’s been years since North American automaker manufacturers were a highly regarded career choice for top executive talent. Cerberus Capital Man ... More
We're Not Finnished With You Yet
The average age of the workforce in many developed countries is getting older. That poses a problem for companies that depend on these older wor ... More
School Gifts that Skip Uncle Sam
The cost of college is going up. Fortunately, there are new ways of saving and paying for it. One way high-net-worth individuals can help is by settin ... More
Tearing Down the Wireless Fortress
Cellular phone networks have been dominated by AT'T and the Bell companies since the advent of mobile phone service in the 1980s. There are signs, how ... More
Let the Blame Begin
Recent volatility in the stock market has been blamed on defaults on sub-prime loans. Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are bonds backed by hundr ... More
Refilling BP's Tank
British Petroleum (BP) was one of the hottest companies in the oil and gas industry in the 1990s. However, by 2007 BP's sterling reputation was marred ... More
Sarkozy's Free-Market Muscle
The election of Nicolas Sarkozy promises to bring change to the way France manages its economy. New Finance Minister Christine Lagarde will be helping ... More
The Master Builder of the Middle East
Mohamed Ali Alabbar Is building a city for 2 million people on Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast at a cost of almost $30 billion. Alabbar is the largest de ... More
Scrambling to Bring Crest to the Masses
Cincinnati-based Procter ' Gamble has been offering consumer products in China since it introduced Head ' Shoulders in 1988. Since then, sales have gr ... More
India's Life of the Party
Vijay Mallya is an Indian entrepreneur with a larger than life personality whom many have dubbed "India's Richard Branson." He inherited a $100 millio ... More
F-14 Parts, Anyone?
The U.S. military disposes of millions of surplus items every year. Some items are destroyed because they're too sensitive, or others are given away t ... More
Beating the Oil Curse
Mexico's state-owned oil company, Pemex, is short on money and short on oil reserves. It has long been regarded by Mexico's politicians as a piggybank ... More
Pumping Cash, Not Oil
Petroleum prices at current levels would normally cause a frenzy of drilling activity. However, big oil companies are increasingly turning to stock bu ... More
Immigrants Welcome
Immigration has frequently been seen as a threat in much of the developed world. Unlike most developed countries, Spain has had a very tolerant attitu ... More
The Tech Dragon Stumbles
Chinese technology companies were once thought to be headed for global dominance. Instead, many of them are struggling. Chinese mobile phone manufactu ... More
The Making of a Monolith
The financial integration of Europe may finally be at hand. Increased financial integration in Europe will mean lower-cost capital for European compan ... More
Coal? Yes, Coal
Despite talk of global warming, coal is likely to remain a mainstay of our energy supply for decades to come. Peabody Energy Corp., the nation's large ... More
The Kremlin's Big Squeeze
The Russian government continues to put pressure on foreign oil companies operating in Russia. The latest target is British Petroleum. British Petrole ... More
Ethanol Is Not the Only Green in Town
Ethanol and biodiesel may not be the alternative energies of the future. Ethanol corrodes pipelines and pumps and has substantially less energy per ga ... More
The Race to Build Really Cheap Cars
Growth in automobile sales is stagnant in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Major automakers are now eyeing emerging markets such as China, India, ... More
Climate Wars: Episode Two
A few short years ago, there was considerable debate in the United States regarding whether or not global warming was occurring, and if it was, whethe ... More
The iPhone's German Accent
German mobile-phone components maker Balda laid off 70% of its workers last year and posted a substantial loss. However, its fortunes appear to be pic ... More
Lighting a Fire Under Global Warming
The U.S. Supreme Court recently ruled that carbon dioxide is a pollutant under the Clean Air Act and can therefore be regulated by the Environmental P ... More
Deaf to music piracy
China has long been a world leader in copyright infringement. That reputation extends to the world of online music downloads. Millions of ... More
Oracle vs. SAP: Sound or Fury?
Oracle corporation has filed a 44-page complaint against SAP. The complaint alleges that SAP executives orchestrated a campaign of corporate espionage ... More
The Greening of America's Campuses
Environmental activists at college campuses are increasingly concerned about global warming. A group of graduates from Middlebury College have formed ... More
Grudge Match in China
The market for personal computers is growing by 21% per year in China. Personal computer penetration is low in China, and the potential of the market ... More
New Tech, Old Habits
Corporate culture in the Far East remains very conservative and values face time at the office. Employees seldom work from home and during their commu ... More
Another Inconvenient Truth
A growing number of organizations are purchasing carbon offsets in order to protect the climate or at least to claim bragging rights for doing so. Car ... More
Making Health Insurance Hip
WellPoint is reaching out to uninsured twentysomethings to sell them health insurance. The company offers basic coverage for as little as $67.00 per m ... More
Why Hybrids Are Such a Hard Sell
Hybrid gas electric cars have garnered much attention in recent years due to higher gas prices and an increasingly "green" citizenry. However, sales o ... More
Hugging the Tree Huggers
Kohlberg Kravis ' Roberts and Texas Pacific Group are cooperating with environmental organizations as they structure their takeover of the electric ut ... More
The Opening of Libya
The Libyan economy is slowly being revitalized by an influx of foreign investment. For years, Libya was a pariah state under United States and U.N. sa ... More
Airbus Revs Up the Engines
Airbus is challenged by two-year delays of its A380 megajet and multiple redesigns and corresponding delays of its A350 widebody aircraft. Airbus will ... More
Flat Panels, Thin Margins
The prices for flat-panel liquid-crystal-display (LCD) televisions have been dropping sharply over the last several years. Over 100 flat-panel brands ... More
Putting Ford in the Rearview Mirror
Toyota should pull ahead of General Motors in total auto sales in late 2007 or 2008 to become the world's largest automaker. Ford Motor Company is und ... More
Business Class at Bargain Prices
In recent years, several new carriers have started business-class-only services to a variety of destinations. Such planes carry far fewer people than ... More
Beyond the Green Corporation
Corporations once viewed attention to environmental sustainability as a moral issue to be balanced against the need for profits. However, as consumer ... More
Siemens' Culture Clash
New Siemens CEO Klaus Kleinfeld raised sales by 16% and profits by 35% in 2006. Nonetheless, he is under fire among employees and the press because ha ... More
BP Feels the Heat
British petroleum has changed from midsized player to one of the largest and most profitable petroleum companies in the world over the last 11 years. ... More
A Shining Light for Heineken
Miller Light and Bud Light are facing a new challenge from Heineken's new premium light lager beer. While Heineken has not yet wrested a large market ... More
An Irresistible Urge to Merge
Mergers and acquisitions are rising to record levels in 2006. By the end of the year, mergers and acquisitions worldwide should surpass $3.44 trillion ... More
Who Says It's Not Easy Being Green?
The recent decline in oil prices has created some bargains in the stocks of companies that produce alternative energy, some analysts say. In addition, ... More
Put a Termite in Your Tank
The United States uses 150 billion gallons of gasoline every year. Sixty-five percent of the petroleum used to create that gasoline is imported. Both ... More
Smashing the Clock
Electronics retailer Best Buy is experimenting with what it calls the Results Only Work Environment (ROWE). The official policy is that people are fre ... More
Flight Plan: Inside Gerald Grinstein's Struggle to Save Delta
US Airways is making a hostile bid to purchase Delta Airlines out of bankruptcy. Now Gerald Grinstein, Delta's CEO, must persuade Delta's creditors to ... More
Secrets, Lies, and Sweatshops
American manufacturers have, for many years, been under pressure to monitor and enforce labor conditions at the factories of overseas subcontractors. ... More
The Dragon's Way or the Tiger's
China and India both have rapidly growing economies. However, while China remains a single-party, command and control state, India has a democracy. Bu ... More
The Other Indian Outsourcer
Demand is growing for outsourced work that is performed in the United States. Accenture identified the tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation as a ... More
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||